Which of the following does not typically require a waiting period to be covered by health insurance?

Emergency surgeries typically do not require a waiting period for coverage under health insurance plans. This is because health insurance is designed to provide immediate assistance in cases of urgent medical needs. When an emergency arises, insurance policies usually stipulate that treatment must be administered without delay to prevent further harm to the patient.

In contrast, routine check-ups, pre-existing conditions, and cosmetic procedures often come with waiting periods. Routine check-ups are often considered preventive care, and some plans may have a specific waiting period before covering these services in accordance with their policy guidelines. Pre-existing conditions usually entail a waiting period since insurers may impose these to manage the risk of insuring individuals who have known health issues. Cosmetic procedures typically require a waiting period because they are often elective and not deemed medically necessary, thus not immediately covered.

In essence, emergency surgeries are critical situations that necessitate immediate attention, aligning with health insurance's primary role of protecting individuals in urgent health crises.